Effects of Different Types of Fibers on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Cement and Geopolymer-Based 3D Printed Mixtures: A Review

Three-dimensional printed concrete (3DPC) is emerging as a new building material. Due to automation, this method dramatically decreases construction time and material wastage while increasing quality. Despite the mentioned benefits, technology faces various issues. Among these issues, inability use steel bars for reinforcement early age cracking because of low water-to-binder ratio high amount binders can be mentioned. In regard, due superior properties fiber-reinforced (FRC), such first crack strength, tensile improvement ductility, resistance shrinkage cracking, one effective ways reinforce mixture 3DPC fibers instead bars. Regarding effects different fibers, steel, carbon so on, on fresh mechanical dimensional stabilities hardened have been reviewed. It predicted that using especially hybrid not only covers deficiencies initial 3DPC, but also used bars; therefore, play pivotal role in industry’s future.